University of Wisconsin – Madison, dual PhD. Departments of History and Educational Policy Studies (1992-2001). Dissertation: “The Antifascist Classroom: Education in the Soviet Occupation Zone 1945-1949”

Preliminary (Comprehensive) Field Examinations:  History:  Social History, Cultural History, Modern German and Central European History, Early Modern and Modern French History. Education: Educational Foundations, History of Education, Comparative Education.

Monterey Institute of International Studies, Monterey, California, dual M.A. Departments of German Studies and International Policy Studies (1989-1991). Master’s Thesis: “Education Reforms in the Former German Democratic Republic since Unification”

Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, B.A. German and French Magna Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa (1985-1989)